Elbow Dislocation

Description

In an elbow dislocation, the bones of the forearm slip out of their normal connection with the upper arm bone, usually from a fall onto an outstretched arm. Often the joint is put back into place (reduced) soon after the injury.

How it happens (the mechanism)

A fall that forces the elbow into hyperextension and outward angulation levers the joint apart. Pieces of bone can be knocked off in the process, and nerves and vessels run close by — so after the joint is reduced, the X-rays are re-examined and the hand is checked carefully.

Symptoms

Severe pain, an obviously deformed and swollen elbow, inability to move it, and sometimes numbness or tingling in the hand.

Doctor examination and imaging

The doctor checks the hand’s nerves and circulation before and after the joint is put back; X-rays confirm the reduction and look for associated fractures.

Treatment

After the joint is reduced, the elbow is rested in a splint for a short time — long enough to settle, but not so long that it stiffens — and then gentle motion begins. Surgery is occasionally needed if a significant fracture came with the dislocation or the elbow will not stay in place.

Recovery and long-term outlook

Most children recover well. The modern approach favors a short rest then early motion, because the elbow is prone to stiffness.

When to call the doctor

Call right away or seek emergency care if pain becomes severe or out of proportion — especially pain when the fingers are gently straightened — or the fingers become numb, pale, blue, or cold, or the cast feels dangerously tight. These can signal dangerous pressure within the arm (compartment syndrome). Also call for fever, worsening swelling, or drainage.

Learn more

OrthoInfo (AAOS) — Elbow Fractures in Children: orthoinfo.aaos.org

This information is for educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For specific concerns about your child, consult a board-certified, fellowship-trained pediatric orthopaedic surgeon.