Elbow Contusion (Bruise)

Description

An elbow contusion is a bruise of the elbow without a broken bone. The X-rays show no fracture, but the soft tissues took a knock and are sore and swollen, usually after a fall or a direct hit.

How it happens (the mechanism)

A direct blow bruises the muscles, lining, and soft tissues around the elbow, causing swelling and soreness without breaking bone. In a young child, some of the elbow is still cartilage and does not show on X-ray, so occasionally a “contusion” is watched a little more closely to be sure a subtle fracture is not hiding.

Symptoms

Pain, swelling, and bruising of the elbow with some stiffness, but the ability to move it.

Doctor examination and imaging

The doctor checks for tenderness and motion; X-rays confirm there is no fracture.

Treatment

Comfort and gentle use: rest, ice for the first day or two, and a sling for a short time if it helps. Gentle motion is encouraged as soon as the child is comfortable, because the elbow can stiffen if held still too long. No cast is needed.

Recovery and long-term outlook

A contusion gets better on its own over days to a couple of weeks, with no lasting harm. If the elbow stays very tender or does not improve, it is re-examined.

When to call the doctor

Call if pain is severe or worsening, your child will not use the arm at all, the area becomes very swollen, red, or warm, your child develops a fever, or things are not improving as expected.

Learn more

OrthoInfo (AAOS) — Elbow Fractures in Children: orthoinfo.aaos.org

This information is for educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For specific concerns about your child, consult a board-certified, fellowship-trained pediatric orthopaedic surgeon.